What is Alice Reyes contribution to Philippine dance? By then, she had become a living legend. Francisca Reyes Aquino March 9 is the birthday of Francisca Reyes Aquino, our first National Artist for Dance. The founder (together with Eddie Elejar) of Ballet Philippines, she received since June 20, 2014 from the Philippine President Benigno Aquino III the highest award in the Arts, National Artist of the Philippines. The Alice Reyes Modern Dance Concert was a collaboration with conceptual and avant-garde artists. 6 When did Alice Reyes retire from Ballet Philippines? CRISTINA LUNA By introducing the first modern dance concert at the CCP Main Theater in February 1970 featuring an all contemporary dance Butter boards, Last chance to join GCashs Lucky Load Promo for a chance to win 100K, Kanye West takes shots at Pete Davidson after Kim Kardashian breakup, Academy names new CEO after years of Oscars drama, reforms, Someday, Gay Marriages Will Become Unnecessary. She obtained her High School Teacher's Certificate in 1923 and her Bachelor of Science in Education degree in 1924 from the University of the Philippines. 5. The program covered a broad spectrum of dance, theater arts and workshops, and became the precursor of summer intensives now offered in most performing-arts schools. What are the major works of Alice Reyes? [7], Although Reyes had agreed to leave her artistic director post in April 2020 years prior, she has expressed disappointment at the turn of events that saw the introduction of a new artistic director before her departure.[8]. Sculptor, National Artist in Sculpture of the Philippines 1973. MALACAAN PALACE MANILA. She took ballet lessons in Baguio and also apprenticed under Francisca Reyes-Aquino. His notable marches include, History of Fantasy, Triumphal March, Echoes of the Past, Second, Symphony in E-Flat, Ode to Freedom, and Echoes from the, Philippines while his known orchestral music composition. Siya an naghingowa na magin hustong popular an bayleng moderno sa nasyon kan an Ballet Philippines magkonsyerto kan pinakaenot na bayleng moderno . 4 Who is the famous choreographer in the Philippines? Francisco V. Coching was named National Artist for Visual Arts this year, joining other brilliant names in literature, architecture, dance, cinema, among others. She also published two books, Pangalay: Traditional Dancers and Related Folk Artistic Expressions (1983) and Ukkil: Visual Arts of the Sulu Archipelago in 2005. Alice Reyes/Age. Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of ballet. Alexa is one of Rappler's Lifestyle and Entertainment reporters, covering local entertainment news to a wide range of topics from beauty pageants to reality shows. Become a Volunteer. 4 Who is the lead in Alice Reyess Amada? Amada premiered in Manila in 1970, with National Artist for Dance, Alice Reyes herself in the titular role, and music composed by National Artist for Music Lucrecia Kasilag. Alice Garcia Reyes (born October 14, 1942) is a Filipina dancer, choreographer, teacher, director and producer.
Who is the most famous contemporary dancer in the Philippines? Her group paved the way for the formation of the CCP Dance Company, now known as Ballet Philippines. Be the first to contribute! Brainly Community. She invited collaborators who became future advocates of dancewriters, composers, designers and actors who joined her in creating a uniquely Filipino body of work. Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula started her love for folk dance when she was young. National Artist for Dance and Ballet Philippines' Artistic Director, Alice Reyes, was the choreographer and director of Tales of Manuvu, in collaboration with Librettist Bienvenido Lumbera and music composer, Dero Pedero. As a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and director, her work has helped establish dance as a professional career path in the country. The U.E. Question 1. Find out this ancient time-inspired skincare regimen in Greenbelt Makati, Where New and Old Meet: The Heights and Sights of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Is Taking Massive Steps for the Resurgence of Its Tourism, Visum Ventures forges partnership with Chef-Restaurateur Happy Ongpauco-Tiu, Preservation Beyond Ceviche and Kinilaw: A New and Improved CEV Stands Tall, 500 Days of Summer IRL: A Love Letter to The Villainized Friendzoners, The Whale, and What We Can Learn About Ourselves, The Good and the Bad: A Review of Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (Spoilers), UP Sigma Delta Phi Honors 8 Outstanding Achievers on Its 90th Year, Farm to fabric: High fashion mission to revive Ilocano cotton industry, British monarchys fashion mantle passes to younger generation, What exercise does for your body, FOREO BEAR does for your face, MONO8 Gallery continues to innovate with this years annual Future Present Exhibition, Artists at Different Points of their Journeys with the 2022 Annual Sculpture Review, ARTablado presents Perpetual Flux at Robinsons Galleria, Bhutan welcomes back tourists after COVID-19 with honey, turmeric and SIM cards, We rated these new Hong Kong attractions and it got us excited to book our next trip, This Melbourne restaurant is defining Filipino food in their own terms, Fresh Aklan oysters, craft cocktails, and award-winning bartenders make for a shucking awesome experience at Salt & Ice, Chicken United: Bringing together Pinoys with every delicious bite, Our latest favorite TikTok food trend? . She resumed using her maiden name after officially becoming a National Artist.[6]. Alice Garcia Reyes (born October 14, 1942) [1] [2] is a Filipina dancer, choreographer, teacher, director and producer. I am an award-winning Black feminist lesbian cultural worker who, for 30-years, has examined the intersections of race, gender, sexuality, and sexual violence.
Alice Reyes Dance Philippines, transforming lives and upholding Si Alice Garcia Reyes (namundag, Oktobre 14, 1942) sarong parabayle, choreographer, maestra, asin direktor. NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR DANCE . 52.
2. Biography. She became a dancer and choreographer for a number of TV shows and productions and performed in various parts of the world.
2023 Jury | ADC IBC - Youth International Ballet Competition Amada premiered in Manila in 1970, with National Artist for Dance, Alice Reyes herself in the titular role, and music composed by National Artist for Music Lucrecia Kasilag. National Artist for Theater Design Salvador Bernal interpreted Reyes visual style through costumes and sets. Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of ballet. Cirilo F. Bautista has made great contributions to . When did Alice Reyes retire from Ballet Philippines? Alice Reyes Dance Philippines (ARDP), a dance company founded by the National Artist, is on a mission to transform lives. Dancer-choreographer Alice Garcia Reyes' multifaceted pioneering role in establishing contemporary dance outside of the older traditions of ballet and folk dancing in the Philippines has earned her the honor of National Artist. As a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and director, her work has helped establish dance as a professional career path in the country. Ballet Philippines has now a repertoire of over 400 pieces since then, 30 of which are Reyes' 19. So to be able to correspond in an email interview was a rare opportunity to unravel the. Reyes drew inspiration from. In essence, she created the mold of our professional dance practice and training. Alice was always familiar to the arts. National Artist (Dance, 2014) Read more. What began as an ensemble group, Alice Reyes Modern Dance Concert evolved into the Cultural Center of the Philippines Dance Company to the present Ballet Philippines (BP). Today, June 29, is the 88th birth anniversary of National Artist for Dance Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula. 1 What is the biggest contribution of Alice Reyes to Philippine dance? It was a dazzling night for dance and haute couture as they came together to celebrate Ballet Philippines' 50th Anniversary. When Alice Reyes left the world of dance, she channelled her creative energy to a business venture that continues to transform lives. LEONOR OROSA-GOQUINGCO. Her burial is scheduled on Wednesday, March 2. A A. Merce Cunningham, (born April 16, 1919, Centralia, Washington, U.S.died July 26, 2009, New York, New York), American modern dancer and choreographer who developed new forms of abstract dance movement. Among her successful original productions are "Amada," "Itim-Asu," "Bayanihan Remembered," "Mga Babae," "Tales of the Manuvu," and "Rama Hari. Follow us:@inquirerdotnet on Twitter|inquirerdotnet on Facebook, http://ballet.ph/dev/news/executive-news/77-get-to-know-alice-reyes, Read more:http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/227808/a-legacy-of-filipino-dance/#ixzz5L0dNfnXn, Follow us:@inquirerdotnet on Twitter|inquirerdotnet on Facebook. Dance in the Philippines has truly gone a long waythanks to the pioneering dancer, choreographer, director and producer Alice Reyes. At a brief and delightful interview, National Artist Alice Reyes shared her thoughts of the contribution of Dance to the country. Although we got negative reviews, there was an intelligent audience who propped us up, said Vida. Her . She was in the original Bayanihan Dance Company world tour that performed in Brussels and on Broadway in New York. August 9, 2014 While her father was touted "Mr. Philippine Folk Dancer" during his time, newly-named National Artist for Dance Alice Reyes has successfully continued his legacy to develop and promote dance arts nationwide, and even pioneered contemporary dance in the Philippines. The concert was a hit, and Ballet Philippines was born.She called the CCP her home for 20 years, crafting a formula and work ethic that remains legendary to realize her dream of creating a professional, world-class Filipino dance company. BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES. Alice Reyes DANCE Major and most significant contribution in the Philippine dance is the development of unique Filipino modern dance idiom. It is a form of visual art use to imitate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, or feelings with the use of moving images. Leonor Orosa-Goquingco. Since then, during a professional dance career that spanned over two decades, her innovative artistic vision, firm leadership and passion for dance have made a lasting mark on Philippine dance. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . National Artist (Dance, 2014) Read more.
Frances Reyes Aquino She is frank. Who are the founder of contemporary dance in the Philippines? His papers led to the understanding and appreciation of, the ethnic and traditional music of the Philippines, locally and, internationally. Reyes was born on October 14, 1942.
Perhaps the biggest contribution of Alice Reyes to Philippine dance is In 1969, she founded the Alice Reyes and Modern Dance Company, which performed at the Cultural Center of the Philippines. (READ:Google marks Francisca Reyes-Aquinos 120th birth anniversary with doodle). Included in his works are several marches and symphonic, and orchestral music composition. PHOTO BY JOJO MAMANGUN.
New dance company to go toe-to-toe with Ballet Philippines When the company went on world tours, foreign audiences lauded the dancers for their high technical standards and expressiveness. She was also an author, mentor, dancer and art critic. Cebu Technological University (formerly Cebu State College of Science and Technology), Filipino Artists' Roles and Identify their Contribution to Contemporary Arts.pdf, Loads and forces can be programmed to suit the condition of the user while a. Lucrecia was also its choreographer and dance director. Already have Rappler+? National Artists and their contributions to Philippine Arts Tuesday, November 2, 2021. This golden milestone was a recognition of its rich history and vast contribution to Filipino culture and identity. Still, her contribution to the arts was noted by Felicitas Radaic, the proponent of the English-ballet style, from the Royal Academy of Dance. Who is Francisca Reyes-Aquino give the characteristics? Alice Reyes is the latest National Artist for Dance. It does so by allowing the characters to come alive, not in spoken dialogue but in body movements or pantomime. She applied her findings to project a new example of an ethnic dance culture that goes beyond simple preservation and into creative growth.
On Nov. 27, the newly opened CCP Black Box . Reyes put her own ballet training to good use by creating her versions of Midsummer Nights Dream, Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella. She also restaged Giselle after Marius Petipa.
Alice Reyes | PDF | Dances | Philippines Her book, The Dances of the Emerald Isles, has been dubbed by Teodoro A. Agoncillo, 'A towering contribution to Philippine cultural history.' Way before she started the company that was to become Ballet Philippines, she had started contributing to the household by dancing and creating dances for the stage and television. Lucrecia started teaching at PWU and was active in the Filipiniana Folk Arts Group as both teacher and student.
Ballet community up in arms over new artistic director (LogOut/ Hineline also served as chief operating officer of Ballet Philippines, overseeing a complete rebranding of the organization. Her dancers manifested the integrated visions of composers, designers and writers as well as the dancers personal inputs. ALICE REYES 4. In 1973, President Marcos gave Dr. Reyes Aquino the National Her style was misunderstood in the beginning. Ballet Philippines. A tribute to the Philippine National Artists for Dance: Francisca Reyes Aquino, Leonor Orosa Goquingco, Lucrecia Reyes Urtula, Ramon Obusan, and Alice Reyes. Learn more. Reyes would later organize dance workshops. The Natatanging Gawad Buhay is meant as a recognition of a lifetime of work that has shaped the Philippine performing arts industry. She was born on October 14, 1942 in Manila. Alice G. Reyes: Making Philippine dance grow by leaps and bounds, Moschino: say the name and its almost impossible not to conjure up images of flamboyant excess, unbridled creativity, and an unapologetic embrace of, The baseline thing I want people to feel is happy!
Every year, BP would invite foreign guest teachers and choreographers to level up the standards and stars of the ballet world to draw more crowds.
Alice G. Reyes: Making Philippine dance grow by leaps and bounds A National artist for dance (1970) Mother of Contemporary Dance. Yet she would continue to surprise her family and friends for her manifold achievements. Thinking of deepening her professional studies, she went to America and enrolled in formal courses in modern dance and jazz. The founder of Ballet Philippines, she received since June 20, 2014 from the. Who is the famous architect in the Philippines? Biggest Contribution. Reyes was already exposed to dance at an early age, having danced with her father when she was barely 14. WHEREAS, the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines provides for patronage of arts and letters by the State; WHEREAS, the Order of National Artists Award was established under Proclamation No. 3. She ignited the stage with Filipino ballets in a distinct Filipino modern dance style while pushing classical ballet standards. How many questions are on the Praxis SLP? The U.E.
What is the major work of Francisca Reyes Aquino? Contemporary dance - SlideShare Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Gumawa siya ng malawak at masusing pag-aaral ng mga katutubong sayaw sa Pilipinas at dahil dito, malaki ang naiambag niya sa pagsulong ng kultura ng Pilipino sa larangan . S upporters of Alice Reyes circulate this message in Facebook.. Some of her major works are: Amada Tales of Manuyu Bayanihan remembered Rama Hari At a Maranaw gathering f Leonor Orosa Goquingco As the Alice Reyes Dance Philippines company emerges out of the pandemic, its members know every moment counts in the limited lifespan of a dancer's career. Most of the current . Alice made us do Nutcracker Act 2 over and over until we finally shared the stage with guest artists like Natalia Makarova and Yoko Morishita, said Vida. Through a grant from the John D. Rockefeller III Fund, she went through an extensive training period in the United States at the Colorado College under a Hanya Holm scholarship. Today, Oct. 14, is the birthday of National Artist for Dance Alice Reyes.
What is the contribution of alice Reyes in contemporary art? [3] She was chiefly responsible in popularizing contemporary dance with the Alice Reyes Dance Company which She traveled to various parts of the country to record dances from different provinces. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Reyes-Aquino is also a recipient of a number of awards, including the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1962. Edited at the Office of the President of the Philippines Under Commonwealth Act No. National Artist for Dance (1988). She further trained under the guidance of Leonor Orosa Goquingco and Ricardo Casell of the Philippine Women's University (PWU). Creative steps, arm gestures, facial expressions, and body movements are the dancers' ways to express the meaning of the . Saturday last week on February 8, 2020 to be exact, Ballet Philippines Foundation president Kathleen L. Liechtenstein issued a memo announcing the appointment of Russian danseur Mikhail . Find out this ancient time-inspired skincare regimen in Greenbelt Makati, Where New and Old Meet: The Heights and Sights of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Is Taking Massive Steps for the Resurgence of Its Tourism, Visum Ventures forges partnership with Chef-Restaurateur Happy Ongpauco-Tiu, Preservation Beyond Ceviche and Kinilaw: A New and Improved CEV Stands Tall, 500 Days of Summer IRL: A Love Letter to The Villainized Friendzoners, The Whale, and What We Can Learn About Ourselves, The Good and the Bad: A Review of Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (Spoilers), UP Sigma Delta Phi Honors 8 Outstanding Achievers on Its 90th Year, British monarchys fashion mantle passes to younger generation, What exercise does for your body, FOREO BEAR does for your face, MONO8 Gallery continues to innovate with this years annual Future Present Exhibition, Artists at Different Points of their Journeys with the 2022 Annual Sculpture Review, ARTablado presents Perpetual Flux at Robinsons Galleria, Bhutan welcomes back tourists after COVID-19 with honey, turmeric and SIM cards, We rated these new Hong Kong attractions and it got us excited to book our next trip, This Melbourne restaurant is defining Filipino food in their own terms, Fresh Aklan oysters, craft cocktails, and award-winning bartenders make for a shucking awesome experience at Salt & Ice, Chicken United: Bringing together Pinoys with every delicious bite, Our latest favorite TikTok food trend? a) Leonor O. Goquingco c) Fransisca R. Aquino b) Alice Reyes d) Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula (Answer: a) Ramon Obusan established the ____, a dance company that reflects the culture of Filipinos in dance and music. Alice Reyes (Dance) Alice Reyes founded the Ballet Philippines, one of the strongest ballet companies in the country. In New York, she took the opportunity to take more formal studies at Sarah Lawrence College in Westchester County, New York. She was in the original Bayanihan Dance Company world tour that performed in Brussels and on Broadway in New York. Feedback Form Leonor Orosa Goquingco "Mother of Philippine Theater Dance," "Trailblazer," who significantly contributed to the progress of Philippine dance by developing distinct productions using ballet folkloric and Asian styles. He was also a teacher and a seasoned orchestra player.
How Francisca Reyes-Aquino sought and fought for our country - NOLISOLI Her family will hold a wake at the Heritage Memorial Park on February 27 to 28 and March 1 from 2:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. Alice Reyes Alice Reyes' major and most significant contribution in the Philippine dance is the development of unique Filipino modern dance idiom.
5 women who pioneered Filipino folk and modern dance - RAPPLER Alice Reyes. Alejandro Roces, former education secretary, had this to say about Francisca Reyes Aquino: "A beautiful woman with such a merry heart who spent her life weaving the fascinating barrio tales into a tapestry of dance for the whole world to know.". Her strong passion to arts and dance made her a National Artist for Dance by President Benigno Aquino III through Proclamation No.
Alice Reyes - National Artist for Dance by Chyryn Villas - Prezi Alice Reyes. Francisca was born in Bocaue, Bulacan on March 9, 1899.
5 women who pioneered Filipino folk and modern dance - Rappler With her fellow pioneers, she inaugurated the countrys first subscription seasons for dance. Brainly for Parents. He was proclaimed National Artist for Music in 1999; He was an award-winning film scorer in the early 1960s, working in collaboration with National Artist for Music Levi Celerio. As a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and director, her work has helped establish dance as a professional career path in the country. yes) na pinarangalan blang Pambansang Alagad ng Sining para sa Sayaw noong 2014. Ligaya Fernando Amilbangsa. What began as an ensemble group, Alice Reyes Modern Dance Concert evolved into the Cultural Center of the Philippines Dance Company to the present Ballet Philippines (BP). marie balter obituary nigel huddleston sport salaire minimum en finlande 2021. Buenaventura was also then conductor of the Philippine Army Band, that brought back the bands prestige as one of the worlds best, military bands. His major works. It was this company that later became Ballet Philippines. NATIONAL ARTIST. Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of Ballet Philippines. He served as Ballet Philippines' Artistic . Shes the author of Philippine Folk Dances and Games (1927), Philippine National Dances (1946), Gymnastics for Girls (1947), Fundamental Dance Steps and Music (1948), Foreign Folk Dances (1949), Dances for All Occasions (195), Playground Demonstration (1951), Philippine Folk Dances in 6 volumes (1951-1979), Rhythmic Activities (1952), and Philippine Folk Dances and Songs as co-author in 1966. In 1955, the group attended the International Festival of Dance and Music in Dacca, Pakistan, which inspired her and the group to continue researching local dances. Google marks Francisca Reyes-Aquinos 120th birth anniversary with doodle, Ligaya Amilbangsa is a Ramon Magsaysay awardee. Insights: The Brainly Blog. Reyes-Urtula died on Aug. 24, 1999. Reyes is instrumental in professionalizing dance in the Philippines and raising standards to the global level. We worked so hard until we got everything perfect. An esteemed dancer, choreographer, teacher and director, she served as artistic director emeritus of Ballet Philippines. Soon after, she took post-graduate studies at Ateneo de Manila University. Responsible Disclosure Agreement. (DANCE) f FRANCISCA REYES-AQUINO. She traveled to various parts of the country to record dances from different provinces. Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of ballet.ph/devilippines who propelled the In 1958, she founded the Filipinescas Dance Company, which would go on various tours around the world. Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of Ballet Philippines. Recognition of Reyes role as a driving force in the arts initially came from the cultural cognoscenti, theater professionals and musicians. Manila is now one of the few cities in the world to support three full-time professional ballet companies. Moschino: say the name and its almost impossible not to conjure up images of flamboyant excess, unbridled creativity, and an unapologetic embrace of, The baseline thing I want people to feel is happy! Reyes learned of Martynyuk's appointment after the BP board issued a circular and shared Martynyuk's credentials on an internal bulletin board. 3 Who is the famous architect in the Philippines? Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of Ballet Philippines. Creative steps, arm gestures, facial expressions, and body movements are the dancers' ways to express the meaning of the . Aquino 3rd on June 20, 2014. We Dont Live in that World Yet, Fossil announces next generation of wearables the first powered by the latest Qualcomm Snapdragon Wear 4100+ Platform, Dont look down: Vietnam glass-bottomed bridge targets thrill-seekers. She creatively interweaved Philippine ethnic dance, modern dance, and ballet producing a one of a kind contemporary dance routine. roff.1972.ph@gmail.com. Reyes garnered the highest number of votes during FAMAS election on May 5 at the Polytecyhnic University of the Philippines (PUP) campus in Sta. Corporate sponsorships and individual donations helped fund her show. She also popularized modern dance in the country after staging the first modern dance concert at the CCP Main Theater in February 1970 30 seconds. Seven years later, Reyes worked with composer Ryan Cayabyab and National Artist for Literature Bienvenido Lumbera for the libretto of Rama, Hari, based on the Ramayana. It highlighted Kuh Ledesma, Basil Valdez, Leo Tavarro Valdez and Gigi Escalante. She is opinionated. While her father was touted Mr. Please abide by Rappler's commenting guidelines.
Alice Reyes Alice Reyes is the visionary founder of Ballet Philippines.
Arts Awake: Conferment of the National Artists - SUNSTAR She is opinionated. Captivated by the pangalay dance, she began to research about it and later studied culture, music, and the visual arts of the Sama and Sama Dilaut (Badjao), Jama Mapun, and the Tausug. She presented the first major summer dance workshop in Manila and developed a yearlong program for professional dance.
Reyes-Aquinos research produced a number of books.
A TRIBUTE TO ALICE REYES - PressReader In 1973, President Marcos gave Dr. Reyes Aquino the National Artist for Dance Award for her contribution to the preservation and propagation of the folk dances of the Philippines. She also popularized modern dance in the country after staging the first modern dance concert at the CCP Main Theater in February 1970. Since CCP artistic director Lucrecia Kasilag was a family friend, Reyes requested the use of the CCP rehearsal hall, which has since been BPs home base. By then, she had become a living legend. What did Alice Reyes do for the Philippines? The founder (together with Eddie Elejar) of Ballet Philippines, she received since June 20, 2014 from the Philippine President Benigno Aquino III the highest award in the Arts, National Artist of the Philippines. Just click the "Edit page" button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the Synopsis . With a background in ballet, folk dancing and jazz, Reyes ventured into the challenging and exciting realm of modern dance. SURVEY. She is best known for Bungkos Suite, Carmen, Carmina Burana, Romeo and Juliet, Rama Hari, Cinderella, Amada, Itim-Asu, and Tales of the Manuvuall nuanced with Filipino culture, gesture and grace. At a brief and delightful interview, National Artist Alice Reyes shared her thoughts of the contribution of Dance to the country. Ipinanganak noong 14 Oktubre1942, si Reyes ang pinakamatanda sa In his short career he developed a dance training technique that continued to be used by instructors into the . "One of the most exciting things for me is seeing and. Several of her choreographic dances formed the Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend, and Lore in Dance production. He was acknowledged as a researcher, archivist and documentary filmmaker who broadened and deepened the Filipino understanding of his own cultural life and expressions.