Don't already have a personal account? It does not include private companies, voluntary organizations, and households. What is the difference between a small business and an entrepreneurial venture? Defining public-sector entrepreneurship: A conceptual operational 1. The program will be held February 29 to March 2, 2016 at Babso. The skillful allocation of capital to such companies may consequentially be difficult for public officials. Regulating Big Tech: the role of enhanced disclosures. (Gerba). For permissions please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com, This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (. There are several key typologies of entrepreneurial ventures. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Instead it would support an entrepreneurial organizational structure and leadership methodology at all levels. In parts of the Global South, questions are being asked about the efficacy and sustainability of development programmes. Critical analysis on scope development and growth of entrepreneurial The third paper in this special section is by David Audretsch, Erik Lehmann, and Matthias Menter. What makes the Executive Master of Accounting distinctive? Private sector entrepreneurship ventures are critical to attaining this. This is a state Management theory is relevant to both. The Public Venture Capital Challenge: The Australian Case Leveraging new resources. . Professor Onyemah has more than 15 years of practical selling experience, starting when he was 12 years old in Nigeria working for his parents, and including work as independent sales agent in Europe. I led the design and implementation of economic recovery, investment readiness, and financial inclusion programs in Jordan, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Turkey, Egypt, and Morocco. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Bill Kerr is a professor at Harvard Business School and Faculty Chair of the Launching New Ventures program for executive education. Types of Entrepreneurship: 10 Major Types of Entrepreneurship Economists Richard Florida and Ian Hathaway conclude that, between 2015 and 2017, the top ten urban areas for venture financing (six in the United States, two in China, one in London, and one in. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Our analysis found that more private venture activity was associated with subsequent government entrepreneurial finance: the two sources of capital were positively correlated. entrepreneurship ventures have been in motion Similarly, a study on entrepreneurship education in since the 1990s but where the concept of public universities in Turkey, quite . Management Exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. We find that, between 2010 and 2019, national governments' entrepreneurial finance programs around the world had on average a cumulative annual budget of $156 billion, as opposed to an average of $153 billion of global disbursements of traditional venture funds. Understanding what building and maintaining legitimacy means today, Read all our reports that explore we can shape a new future for government, Read how leaders are transforming lives and achieving public impact through these honest and personal reflections, Examples of public policy succeeding or failing, drawing out the key lessons for future policy work, Exploring the role of dignity in government AI Ethics instruments, Working with 3A Institute's Lorenn Ruster to think about how governments can cultivate a Dignity Ecosystem, CPI x ANZSOG Reimagining Government Webinar Series, Working with the Australia and New Zealand School of Government to host an interactive webinar series and learning community. The public interest is complicated. Where the difference really lies in the private and public sector is the incentives provided to create the values you are subsequently trying to appropriate.. In fact, government investments may even crowd out private capital. We are working with city leaders across the globe to build the collaboration, experimentation, and learning capabilities needed to accelerate climate action. And in the energy sector, solar, nuclear, wind, and even shale gas, were primed by public finance. Entrepreneurship is a fundamental organizational process, as all businesses start as. Professor Mahoney said: If we focus on public interest, it is far more complex than we think. The overall effect of governmental subsidizationa public sector entrepreneurial treatment effectis rather low compared to the impact of local research intensive universities and the innovative milieu on new venture creation. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Anders Hoffmann serves as Deputy Director General at the Danish Business Authority. As the challenges for public services and society become more acute and complex, a concept with its roots in the 1960s is being increasingly revisited as public leaders look to inject entrepreneurial spirit and innovation into the traditional structures and processes of government. D1 Critically examine the scope, development and growth of entrepreneurial ventures. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. 10 examples: The scheme has been conceived by the public sector, and is not the product of Among their many findings, they report that PIs who spend more time on general research related activities allocated a higher proportion of time to technology transfer activities, and that PIs who spend more time on technology activities engaged more in end-of-project reports and collaborative research with industry. Identifying the lifecycle stage of the business venture can help entrepreneurs decide which funding opportunities are most appropriate for their situation. Competition, trade, and sustainability in agriculture and food markets in Africa, The political economy of carbon border adjustment in the EU, From theory to practice: determining emissions in traded goods under a border carbon adjustment, Browse content in A - General Economics and Teaching, A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists, A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines, A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values, A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics, Browse content in A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics, B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches, Browse content in B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches, B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925, Browse content in B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925, B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical, B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925, Browse content in B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925, B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals, Browse content in B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals, Browse content in B4 - Economic Methodology, Browse content in B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches, C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods, Browse content in C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods, C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General, Browse content in C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General, C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General, C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General, C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables, Browse content in C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables, C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions, C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes, C23 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models, C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables, C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics, Browse content in C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics, Browse content in C5 - Econometric Modeling, C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods, C55 - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis, C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling, Browse content in C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling, C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis, C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling, C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models, Browse content in C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory, C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs, Browse content in C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs, C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access, Browse content in C9 - Design of Experiments, D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles, D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact, D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles, D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation, and Evaluation, D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics, Browse content in D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics, D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, Browse content in D2 - Production and Organizations, D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights, D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity, D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions, D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design, Browse content in D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design, D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection, D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium, Browse content in D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium, D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models, D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis, D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, Browse content in D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations, D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior, D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption, D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions, D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation, D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty, Browse content in D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty, D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design, D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness, D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory, Browse content in D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics, D91 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making, D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice, Investment, Capacity, and Financing, E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics, Browse content in E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics, E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts, Browse content in E1 - General Aggregative Models, E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy, Browse content in E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy, E22 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity, E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity, E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution, E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy, E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, Browse content in E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, Browse content in E4 - Money and Interest Rates, E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems, E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects, E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy, E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit, Browse content in E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit, E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers, E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook, Browse content in E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook, E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination, E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy, E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes, Browse content in F - International Economics, F02 - International Economic Order and Integration, F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation, F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations, F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions, F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business, Browse content in F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business, F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements, F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business, Browse content in F3 - International Finance, F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements, F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions, F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems, F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration, F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance, Browse content in F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance, F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission, F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications, F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy, Browse content in F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy, F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions, F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism, F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations, F55 - International Institutional Arrangements, Browse content in F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization, Browse content in G - Financial Economics, Browse content in G1 - General Financial Markets, G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions, G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates, G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing, G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading, G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation, Browse content in G2 - Financial Institutions and Services, G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages, G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies, G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors, G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies, Browse content in G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance, G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity, G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill, G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance, Browse content in H1 - Structure and Scope of Government, H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government, H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization, Browse content in H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue, H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies, H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes, H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents, Browse content in H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents, Browse content in H4 - Publicly Provided Goods, H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate, H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets, H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies, Browse content in H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies, H52 - Government Expenditures and Education, H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs, H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock, H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions, Browse content in H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt, H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt, H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt, H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations, Browse content in H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations, H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue, H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects, H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions, H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession, Browse content in H8 - Miscellaneous Issues, H81 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts, H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits, H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods, Browse content in I - Health, Education, and Welfare, I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health, Browse content in I2 - Education and Research Institutions, I23 - Higher Education; Research Institutions, Browse content in I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty, I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty, I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs, Browse content in J - Labor and Demographic Economics, Browse content in J1 - Demographic Economics, J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts, J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse, J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth, J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination, J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination, J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination, Browse content in J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor, J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure, J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity, J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy, J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs, Browse content in J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs, J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials, J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods, Browse content in J4 - Particular Labor Markets, J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing, J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining, Browse content in J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining, J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers, Browse content in J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers, J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers, J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility, J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search, J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings, Browse content in J7 - Labor Discrimination, J8 - Labor Standards: National and International, Browse content in J8 - Labor Standards: National and International, Browse content in K1 - Basic Areas of Law, Browse content in K2 - Regulation and Business Law, Browse content in K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law, K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law, K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior, Browse content in K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior, K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law, Browse content in L - Industrial Organization, L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance, Browse content in L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance, L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms, L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets, L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks, L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices, L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior, Browse content in L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior, L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure, L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing, L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope, L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise, Browse content in L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise, L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship, L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out, Browse content in L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies, L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices, L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts, Browse content in L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy, L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods, Browse content in L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing, L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology, L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction, Browse content in L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction, L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels, Browse content in L8 - Industry Studies: Services, L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce, L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software, L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities, Browse content in L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities, L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation, M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics, Browse content in M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics, Browse content in M1 - Business Administration, M12 - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation, M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility, M16 - International Business Administration, Browse content in M4 - Accounting and Auditing, Browse content in M5 - Personnel Economics, M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions, N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations, Browse content in N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations, N10 - General, International, or Comparative, Browse content in N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions, N20 - General, International, or Comparative, N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy, Browse content in N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy, N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation, N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries, Browse content in N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries, Browse content in N6 - Manufacturing and Construction, N60 - General, International, or Comparative, N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services, Browse content in N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services, N70 - General, International, or Comparative, Browse content in N9 - Regional and Urban History, O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth, Browse content in O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth, Browse content in O1 - Economic Development, O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products, O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology, O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration, O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance, O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements, O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure, O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations, Browse content in O2 - Development Planning and Policy, O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development, O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy, O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights, Browse content in O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D, O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes, O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital, O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity, Browse content in O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity, O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models, O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence, Browse content in O5 - Economywide Country Studies, Browse content in P1 - Capitalist Systems, P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies, P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions, Browse content in P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions, P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty, Browse content in P4 - Other Economic Systems, P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty, P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies, Browse content in P5 - Comparative Economic Systems, P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems, Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics, Browse content in Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics, Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices, Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness, Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment, Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation, Browse content in Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation, Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation, Browse content in Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation, Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development, Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts, Browse content in Q5 - Environmental Economics, Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling, Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming, Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth, Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology, R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics, Browse content in R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics, Browse content in R1 - General Regional Economics, R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes, R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity, Browse content in R2 - Household Analysis, R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics, R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location, Browse content in R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location, R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis, Browse content in R4 - Transportation Economics, R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise, R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning, Browse content in R5 - Regional Government Analysis, R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies, R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock, R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy, Browse content in Z - Other Special Topics, Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology, Browse content in Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology, Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification, B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox.